Why is the adrenal adrenergic? Endocrine Pathology, 14(1), 25–36.
Post-traumatic stress disorder in children and adolescents: From Sigmund Freud’s “trauma” to psychopathology and the (dys) metabolic syndrome. Biochimica et Biophysica Acta, 24, 658–659. The formation of adrenaline from noradrenaline. Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences, 971(1), 554–559. Generation of neuroendocrine Chromaffin cells from Sympathoadrenal progenitors. Huber, K., Combs, S., Ernsberger, U., Kalcheim, C., & Unsicker, K. Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences, 1148(1), 112–117. Cross-talk between adrenal medulla and adrenal cortex in stress. Journal of Endocrinology, 9(2), 194–203.Įhrhart-Bornstein, M., & Bornstein, S.
On the morphology and adrenaline-noradrenaline content of chromaffin tissue. American Journal of Physiology, 98, 447–453.Ĭoupland, R. Evidence that medulliadrenal secretion is not continuous. Studies on the conditions of activity in endocrine organs xxvii. American Journal of Physiology-Endocrinology and Metabolism, 250(6), E641–E649.Ĭanon, W. Effect of infusing epinephrine on liver and muscle glycogenolysis during exercise in rats. The fact that even one million nicotine-stimulated BAC cells failed to demonstrate therapeutic potential in these blinded experiments under conditions which were clearly sensitive to the analgesic agents produced by BAC cells, raises serious questions about the clinical utility of this experimental treatment.Arnall, D. In a final study, even nicotine-stimulated release from one million purified BAC cells failed to produce analgesic effects in the formalin test. One million purified BAC cells also failed to produce analgesic effects in the formalin test. Analgesic effects were previously reported in the literature with 80-100k intrathecal bovine adrenal chromaffin (BAC) cells but in the present study 500k purified BAC cells failed to produce detectable analgesic effects. Before assessing the potential additive or synergistic effects of these analgesic agents with adrenal chromaffin cells, studies were conducted to demonstrate analgesic effects with adrenal chromaffin cells alone. Numerous agents, administered individually and in two-factor combinations, produced significant analgesic effects in the formalin test. Analgesic agents known to be produced by adrenal chromaffin cells were infused intrathecally at a low dose (0.2 microg) which might conceivably be attained by adrenal chromaffin cell transplants.
The present experiments were conducted to identify analgesic agents for transfection into immortalized adrenal chromaffin cell lines to maximize their analgesic potential.
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